Researchers at Michigan State University characterized the gait changes caused by spavin type lameness in the hock.

CHRONIC LAMINITIS challenges veterinarians and farriers to improve function in a foot with substantial, possibly permanent structural changes. Chief among these is displacement of the third phalanx (P3), which is responsible for the hallmarks of chronic laminitis: chronic lameness, recurrent foot abscesses and abnormal hoof wall growth.

When examining a hoof, mentally split the foot from front to back and from the medial to lateral side. Check all the normally healthy areas first and then remember the areas of concern.

A retrospective study of 25 horses with chronic navicular pain was conducted to evaluate treatment with corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid and amikacin injected into the navicular bursa.

Despite the recognized importance and frequent discussion of hoof size, shape and balance, few techniques have been well described to measure and describe the hoof capsule.