A Biomechanical Approach to Managing Club Feet-Fig-1.jpg

FIGURE 1: Slow toe growth and compression forces can cause dorsal wall cracks. Remington Leach

A Biomechanical Approach to Managing Club Feet in Horses

Understanding the basics of functional anatomy is critical to improving outcomes

Takeaways

  • Club feet are primarily caused by a shortening of the musculotendinous structure, specifically the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), in relation to bone length, which creates a broken-forward hoof-pastern axis and abnormal stress on the limb.
  • While trimming heels is a necessary first step, simply trimming them without further support can lower the palmar angle of the coffin bone, which increases tension on the DDFT and exacerbates the problem.
  • To manage the horse in motion, a full shoe rocker — or “banana” shoe — can help minimize concussion during a heel-first landing and reduce stress on the DDFT during breakover by providing a shorter lever arm.

Farriers are often injected into the management protocol of club-footed horses with little to no history about the condition’s onset. Successful outcomes can be achieved through the understanding of basic anatomy and applying biomechanical principles to these cases. There are many factors, arguments and theories to describe the causes or reasons a horse may present with a club foot; these require their own article. This article seeks to describe the authors’ management of club feet in the aged horse regardless of how it was acquired.

Biomechanics can be defined as how internal and external forces interact with an animal’s musculoskeletal system, and how mechanical principles (such as leverage reduction) can be employed to gain mechanical advantage.

Understanding the basics of functional anatomy is key to utilizing biomechanics in managing club feet. The deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) is the main culprit, and the…

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